miRNA is an important type of non-coding RNA. It can participate in various regulatory pathways after the transcription of eukaryotic gene expression by degrading target gene mRNA or inhibiting the translation of mRNA. miRNAs play critical roles in development, virus defense, hematopoietic process, organ formation, cell proliferation and apoptosis, fat metabolism, etc. Its underlying regulation mechanism has also attracted a growing interest . According to the studies, the protein complex Microprocessor, which comprises one DROSHA and two DGCR8 proteins, is essential for miRNA biogenesis. It can process and cleaves primary miRNAs (pri-miRNAs) into precursor miRNAs (pre-miRNAs) of about 70 to 90 bases, which is necessary for the biogenesis of miRNA in animal cells.
On May 5th, 2021, Peng Du’s lab from Peking University and Richard I. Gregory from Harvard Medical School jointly published a research paper entitled “Global miRNA dosage control of embryonic germ layer specification”. The study identifies a promoter switch that balances Microprocessor autoregulation and aggregation to precisely control global miRNA dosage and govern stem cell fate decisions during early embryonic development.

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